A tissue sample must be processed before it can be analyzed for diagnostic or testing purposes. This processing acts to halt the degradation of cellular structure and stabilize the cellular characteristics.

The present invention includes a rapid tissue processing method and apparatus that employs alternating microwave and ohmic energy to heat the process solution and tissue sample during processing. It also employs environmentally friendly green chemicals to effectuate the processing.

Fixation

The Phantom Rapid Tissue Processor automates the process of tissue processing and embedding, a critical step in histology. This results in improved tissue preservation and faster turnaround times. It also allows for the preparation of samples that are difficult or impossible to process manually, making it a versatile and valuable tool in any laboratory.

Fixation involves putting the specimen into a liquid fixing agent, which is usually formalin or glutaraldehyde. These agents are designed to slowly penetrate the tissue and cause chemical and physical changes that will preserve the tissue. The process may take between 6 and 24 hours depending on the concentration of the reagent.

This process should be carried out at neutral pH (between 6 and 8), which is necessary for chemical reactions to occur. It is important to avoid acidity, which can promote the formation of formalin heme pigment that appears as black, polarizable deposits in the tissue.

When the tissues have been fixed, they must then be processed to prepare microscopic sections that can be viewed under a microscope. These sections can be prepared from a variety of tissue types, including blood cells and tumors.

The fixatives used for tissue fixation must be suitable to the tissue type and the intended use for the sample. For example, Bouin's solution is often recommended for fixation of testis and GI tract tissues; glutaraldehyde is usually used for endocrine and hematopoietic tissue fixation.

Formalin is most commonly used as a phosphate-buffered solution, but there are other fixatives that can be effective. Some examples include acetic acid, alcohols, nitrates, chromic acid, and picric acid.

A typical fixation time for human specimens is 6 to 24 hours, but the length of time can vary depending on the type of tissue and the desired use for the samples. Generally, fixation is most efficient when the concentration of the reagent is low and is held at the same temperature as the tissue.

When the tissue has been fixed, it must then be processed to prepare microscopic slides that can be viewed under a microscope. The Phantom Rapid Tissue Processor automatically carries out these steps and can process up to 10 samples at a time. This makes the machine very versatile and useful in any histology laboratory.

Dehydration

A tissue sample needs to be dehydrated before it can be impregnated using a histological wax or another medium that will be able to support the cells and allow cutting sections on a microtome. This process can be carried out in a number of ways and is most conveniently automated through the use of an automatic tissue processor.

Dehydration is an essential step in all histology processing, as it removes water from the tissue to promote hardening. It can also prevent the tissue from shrinking. A dehydrating agent may be a liquid or an organic solvent. The reagents used for this step include low molecular weight alcohols, ketones, dioxane and alkylene glycols.

The reagents must be free from contaminants, including microbial toxins and heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury. These reagents must also be stored correctly to avoid contamination with other reagents, or spillage.

Xpress Series Tissue Processing Reagents are combination reagents designed for rapid tissue processing. These reagents are expertly formulated to perform dehydration and clearing simultaneously, reducing the time needed on the processor. This can result in a reduction of up to 5.5 hours compared to a conventional processing protocol.

These reagents are flammable, miscible with water and paraffin wax, and act as a solvent for the chemical dehydration of tissues. They are suitable for manual or machine processing. They have a fast but gentle action and produce less shrinkage than ethanol, which is commonly used for this purpose.

They can be used as dehydrators to prepare fixed tissue samples for infiltration with a suitable histological wax and they can be re-used after the infiltration phase of the process. This helps to save money as the reagents can be reused many times without having to buy new ones.

In addition, vacuum assistance is often used to help complete the impregnation of the tissue specimen with the histological wax. This can reduce the amount of time required for the infiltration step and improve the results. Modern tissue processors are equipped with vacuum and pressure options, which can be accessed via controls on the retort. These options ensure that the reagents are delivered at the right temperature and pressure for optimal infiltration of the tissue. If you want to know about please visit our scigenus website check link in below

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Clearing

The Phantom Rapid Tissue Processor is a highly sophisticated machine that automates the processing and embedding of biological tissue samples, resulting in improved tissue preservation and faster turnaround times than manual methods. It can handle a wide range of tissue types, including paraffin-embedded specimens, and is capable of processing large or small samples.

The processor is outfitted with several compartments, each of which has its own set of temperature and pressure controls. Using these controls, the processor dispenses the appropriate reagents at the proper time during each step of the processing cycle.

Clearing, or the process of extracting dehydrating agents from the specimen to reduce its opacity, is a vital step in preparing tissue samples for microscopic examination. The process can be performed using various solvents, including xylene, limonene, benzene, chloroform, petroleum ether, carbon bisulfide, carbon tetrachloride, dioxane, or clove oil.

Another important step in preparing tissue specimens for microscopic examination is impregnation. This process uses a chemical agent to attach or seal the tissues together, making them more difficult to dislodge during subsequent procedures.

A final step in preparing tissue specimens for microscopic analysis is staining. This process is vital to determining the type and extent of cell damage and tissue structure.

The process of staining is not without its risks, however. The best results can only be achieved when the right reagents are used at the right time. The most common errors in tissue processing include creating an incorrect dilution or concentration, pouring the wrong reagent into a wrong bottle, or mixing up reagent bottle positions on the processor. This makes it all the more important to choose the best tissue processing tools for your application.

Impregnation

The Phantom Rapid Tissue Processor provides a quick and effective way to process paraffin-embedded tissue, frozen tissue, and resin-embedded tissue. Its versatility allows it to be used in a wide range of research and diagnostic applications, such as cancer research and neurology.

Impregnation is the process of filling the cavities in a tissue specimen with a material that will support the tissues and prevent fragmentation. It can be performed using many different materials, including celloidin and gelatin.

Celloidin is a type of polymer that combines an aqueous glycerine and alcohol solution to make a solid substance. It is widely used as an embedding medium because it binds tissue together and prevents fragmentation. It is also a good tissue blocker, and it forms a firm, hard block that is easy to cut.

In addition to the celloidin, other materials that can be used for impregnation include low-viscosity nitrocellulose (LVN) and gelatin. The use of these materials allows a faster and more thorough impregnation than with ordinary celloidin.

LVN is an excellent choice for embedding because it penetrates tissue quickly and can be mixed with other chemical solutions to form a complex, cohesive mass that binds to the tissue. In addition, it is soluble in aqueous ether and alcohol, which can help to minimize oxidation.

Another popular choice for embedding in wax. This material is also used as an embedding medium because it can be melted and poured into molds to harden the tissue.

A variety of different waxes can be used, including lanolin, beeswax, and paraffin. The best waxes to use for a given application depending on the nature of the tissue sample and the type of testing being conducted.

The Phantom Rapid Tissue Processor uses microwave and ohmic energy to heat the processing solution and the tissue specimen. This process allows the solutions and the specimen to be maintained at a consistent temperature, which helps to reduce the chances of overheating or damage to the tissue. This type of processing is also faster than manual techniques, which often take longer. In addition, it allows for more complete tissue processing than manual methods because multiple steps can be performed at the same time.